Eye & Medical Histories (Patient completes History form).

• Tells your doctor the chief complaint (why you came to see us), and any other conditions that might affect your vision.

Pre-Liminary exam: (completed by Optometric Assistant):

• Auto-Refractor/Keratometer: A state-of-the-art computer instrument is used to measure your objective glasses' prescription, and the shape of your cornea for an accurate contact lens fitting.
• Lensometry: Determines the glasses' prescription you came into the office with.
• Non-Contact Tonometry: Measures the pressure inside your eyes (Intra-Ocular Pressure). High eye pressure increases the probability of having glaucoma.
• Color Testing: Checks for color deficiencies and defects.
• Steriopsis Testing: Checks for depth of perception problems.
• Confrontations test: Checks your peripheral vision for blind spots. Many diseases (like Glaucoma) can cause peripheral vision losses.
• Motilities: Checks the integrity of the muscles of your eyes for smooth movement. Good tracking is essential for children to excel in reading.
• Near Point of Convergence (NPC): Checks how well your eyes converge at near tasks like reading.
• Visual Acuties (Aided): Checks how well you see at distance and near with your current glasses or contact lenses.
• Visual Acuties (Unaided): Checks how well you see at distance and near without your current glasses or contact lenses.

Doctors' Exam:

• Pupils: Checks how well your eyes dilate and constrict. Many neurological problems are the cause of poor constriction or dilation of the pupils.
• Phorias: This test checks for Binocular problems i.e. Checks if both your eyes are working together as a team. This test can detect Strabismus or Phorias. Strabismus is present when at straight-ahead gaze, one eye is aligned straight, and the other eye is turned out (Exotropia) or in (Esotropia). Phorias are present when both eyes at straight-ahead gaze are turned out (Exophoria) or in (Esophoria). These eye conditions can lead to Ambloypia (“lazy eye” ) which can cause reading problems. The earlier these conditions are detected the better the prognosis.
• Subjective Refraction: Your objective refraction measured during the pre-liminary exam is refined to obtain your final spectacle and contact lens prescription.
• Biomicroscopy: Checks the health assessment of the anterior segment of your eye i.e. checks for dry eyes, corneal problems, Iris conditions, cataracts etc.
• Goldmann Tonometer: If necessary, your eye pressures will be checked again with a more accurate instrument to confirm high eye pressure readings obtained with the non-contact tonometer during your pre-liminary exam.
• Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy: Your eyes are dilated to check the health of the posterior segment of the eye i.e. checks for glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinal changes etc.

Discussion:

• Your chief complaint (why you came in).
• The refractive status of your eyes i.e. whether you are nearsighted (Myopia or Astigmatism), farsighted (Hyperopia or Astigmatism), need help at near (Presbyopia).
• The binocular status of your eyes i.e. if both your eyes are working together as a team.
• The health assessment of your eyes i.e. if any disease is present.

Optional Tests:

• Visual Field Testing
• Optomap
• Fundus Photograph